If Diets Don't Work, What's the Solution to Obesity in America?

If Diets Don't Work, What's the Solution to Obesity in America?
Summary: 

This text is about solution on preventing obesity.

Key Points:

The government should build more bikes path, playground, students might get more physical education in schools, nutritionally vacant foods might be taxed to discourage consumption, and families might have access to free counseling.

Quote:

“Trying to teach adults how to lose weight is about as effective as teaching house cats to swim. For most people, diets simply don't work. The latest evidence: a recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine examining diets with different proportions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Not surprisingly, it made no difference what kind of diet people followed; if they reduced calories, they initially lost weight. But after two years, average participants had regained weight, leaving them with a net loss of just 9 pounds . . . and on a path toward further regain. A similar study published in 2007 also found that dieters regained weight regardless of their regime.”

Source: 

http://health.usnews.com/health-news/managing-your-healthcare/diabetes/articles/2009/03/05/if-diets-dont-work-whats-the-solution-to-obesity-in-america

Education for All : MDG II

Education for All - Millennium Development Goal 2.A.

Target: Ensure that, by 2015, all boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

Two major factors that can hinder the possibilities of achieving such a goal are:

1. Poverty

2. Gender Inequality

Poverty: The LEDC's of the world, have not been sucessful in achieving this goal as the people cannot afford the schooling of their children. India, the country that I hail from, is an LEDC. Moreover it has its own economic problem as 1/4th of its population lives in poverty. The people living in slum areas and small villages find it difficult to earn enough income from being occupied in small-scale businesses. For example, if there is a farmer, he would rather have his child to work with him on his farm than send him to school because it cuts costs and helps him to reduce other labour costs. Therefore, with this mentality and state of living young children do not get the education they need.

Some improvements are trying to be made to bring about a change in these lifestyles. But, they are not very effective. For example, in a slum area of Mumbai, Dharavi, Sugata Mitra has installed computers in the slums through his 'Hole in the Wall' project.

www.bit.ly/pcVd62 (gapminder-india)

www.bit.ly/onRarm (gapminder-world)

Gender Inequality: Gender inequality has been another problem that becomes the hinderence in achieving the MDG. Many countries still give boys a higher preference than girls, therefore they can gain an education easily than girls can. The gender inequality is a clear example of the mindset of people which is not a joke to change. At the time when many world leaders are emerging females, there are some people who do not believe in giving the right to education to women. More girls, at the age of primary and secondary, are out of school than boys.

www.bit.ly/owVOy2 (gap minder - india)

www.bit.ly/psrVMs(gap minder- world)

Sources:

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202010%20En%20r15%20-low%20res%2020100615%20-.pdf#page=18

http://www.greenstar.org/butterflies/Hole-in-the-Wall.htm

(Sugata Mitra: talk with Mr. Mitchell)

Inequality and reason why women cant contribute more in the economy

Womens role in the economy is very vital for economic growth,but there are some hinderances which prevents them from unlocking their full
Potential.Some of these reasons are

1.Women earn less than men-staticstics from the OECD 2006 and the London school of Economics show that women earn only about
50-75% of what men earn,with this women will not be able to contribute properly to the economy

2.Unpaid jobs-more women are forced to engage in upaid jobs resulting to fewer women working in full paid jobs
This will make it less for women to get involved in the economy.

3.Less education oppertunities than men- although of women are being educated,men are still educated more,also high professions which will
A require a alot of school education and years of practise so by the time the they are ready in their 30 or so usually toothis is the time whe
Women give birth. They will have to stop and take time of and so many other things factors like this dont realy make women contribute alot the economy

4.women have unequal distribution of the worlds property,they are not given enough land,capital ect.without these things they might not be able to make a living for they will not be able to contribute to the economy effectively.

5.Jobs that are likely to be paid less are mostly done by women,like childcare,cloth processing etc.

6.staticstics show that women live longe than men,but when they grow old the pension fr womn is much less or men,and these ar all inequalities between men an women.

If you study this closer you can see that there are two main factors,firstly its clear inequality some caes women are are treated unfairly without any reasonable expanation, and secondly it has to do with the natural way of things,how are the ones to give birth,so have to take time of work or the have to be the ones to take care of the children etc



http://www.unpac.ca/economy/whatcauses.html

Heart Disease and Obseity

Summary:

Obesity and Heart disease problems in America:

This article is about obesity in the United States. In America there is a high percentage of the Americans who are obese. The cause of heart disease and other causes.       

Effect of Obesity

Key Points:

Obesity has become a merger issue in America. Nearly two-thirds of the American adults about (130 million people) are overweight or obese.
Approximately 15 percent of children and adolescents are overweight
Childhood obesity is also a growing concern in the United States
Obese adolescents are at high risks of dying from heart disease in adulthood
People who are obese are likely to obtain medical conditions including:

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure (also known as hypertension) 
• High cholesterol (also known as hypercholesterolemia) 
• Stroke
• Congestive heart failure
• Gallbladder disease 
• Arthritis
• Breathing problems 
• Sleep apnea
• Gout
• Breast cancer
• Colon cancer
• Uterine cancer (endometrial cancer). 

Quote:

“A direct relationship exists between heart disease and diet. Although diet is not a direct risk factor, it affects several risk factors for the condition, including having diabetes, being overweight, and having high blood pressure and/or high cholesterol. Research has shown that following a diet low in fat, cholesterol, and salt, and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can reduce the chances of developing heart disease.”

Source: http://heart-disease.emedtv.com/heart-disease/obesity-and-heart-disease.html

A video, watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sETM3ci3p94

How is HIV passed on?

HIV is found in the blood and sexual fluid of an infected person, and in the breast milk of an infected women. There are many ways to get infect by HIV:
Unprotect sex is one way of passing on HIV to another. Having sex without any protection can carry the risk of HIV.
Second way of passing on HIV is drug uses, for example sharing needles in drugs can pass on HIV. When someone that is infected by HIV and they share drugs needle without cleaning can have a very high risk of getting HIV.
HIV can also be transmitted from infected mothers to there baby during pregnancy. It can be pass on to there baby by delivering and breastfeeding, but now there pills where the mother takes which prevent them from passing HIV to their baby.
A contact with a persons blood that is infect can also be another way of transmitting HIV. This is because someone with HIV enters someone else bloodstream which causes HIV.
These are different ways of transmitting HIV.

This is the site:
http://www.avert.org/hiv.htm

Effects of Smoking

Harmful Effects of Smoking

Every year hundreds of thousands of people die from medical complications caused by smoking. These are immediate affects on smoking a cigarette:

· Raises heart rate and blood pressure
· Decreases blood flow around the body
· Brain and nervous system stimulated and then reduced
· Dizziness
· Watery eyes
· Weakened sense of taste and smell
· Loss of appetite

Due to these effects people have higher risks of developing these diseases:

· Heart attack
· Cancers: lung, throat, mouth, bladder etc.)
· Others

For pregnant women, it is important to know that the growing child in their womb may suffer if they continue smoking. The effects of smoking to a growing fetus include: low birth weight, premature birth, or stillbirth. Second hand smoke may cause lung cancer or heart problems to those who passively inhale smoke exhaled by smokers.

Smoking may make a person look cool , but it is bad for your health and you may have health problems when you grow up.

10 FACTS ABOUT MALARIA

Source

This post is an overview on the facts about malaria like it's symptons, the causes, prevention etc......
Fact 1Malaria is a disease which can be transmitted to people of all ages. It is caused by parasites of the species plasmodium that are spread from person to person through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
Fact 2
About 3.3 billion people - half of the world's population - are at risk of malaria. Every year, this leads to about 250 million malaria cases and nearly one million deaths. People living in the poorest countries are the most vulnerable.
Fact 3
One in five (20%) of all childhood deaths in Africa are due to malaria. It is estimated that an African child has on average between 1.6 and 5.4 episodes of malaria fever each year. Every 30 seconds a child dies from malaria in Africa.
Fact 4Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are two basic elements of malaria control. Early and effective treatment of malaria can shorten the duration of the infection and prevent further complications including the great majority of deaths. Access to disease management should be seen not only as a component of malaria control but a fundamental right of all populations at risk.
Fact 5Inappropriate use of antimalarial drugs in the past century contributed to widespread resistance in the malaria parasite to drugs such as chloroquine, leading to rising rates of sickness and death. Over the past decade, a new group of antimalarials – known as artemisinin-based combination therapies – has brought new hope in the fight against malaria.
Fact 6The main objective of *malaria vector control is to significantly reduce the rate and number of cases of both parasite infection and clinical malaria. This is achieved by controlling the malaria-bearing mosquito and thereby reducing or interrupting transmission.
Fact 7Long-lasting insecticidal nets can be used to provide protection to risk groups, especially young children and pregnant women in high transmission areas. The nets are effective for a number of years (3 to 5 years, depending on models and conditions of use).
Fact 8Indoor residual spraying is the most effective means of rapidly reducing mosquito density. Indoor spraying is effective for 3 to 6 months, depending on the insecticide used and the type of surface on which it is sprayed. (DDT is effective for longer periods, up to 12 months in some cases).
Fact 9
Pregnant women are at high risk not only of dying from the complications of severe malaria, but also spontaneous abortion, premature delivery or stillbirth. Malaria is also a cause of severe maternal anaemia and is responsible for about one third of preventable low birth weight babies. It contributes to the deaths of an estimated 10 000 pregnant women and up to 200 000 infants each year in Africa alone.
Fact 10
Malaria causes an average loss of 1.3% of annual economic growth in countries with intense transmission. It traps families and communities in a downward spiral of poverty, disproportionately affecting marginalized and poor people who cannot afford treatment or who have limited access to health care. Malaria has lifelong effects through increased poverty and impaired learning.However, it is preventable and curable.

* Malaria Vector Control

Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting

Smoking nearly harms all the organs of the body, millions of people have health problems because of smoking. smoking can affect smomkers and non- smokers. There are tons of cancers that can occur.
'Cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke cause more than 440,000 premature deaths each year in the United States'. smoking is really addictive because of the nicotine which enters the lungs and is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and travels to the brain in a matter of seconds. All forms of tobacco are harmful and addictive. There is no safe tobacco product.

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/cessation

Teen Health - HIV AND AIDS

Aids is one of the most deadly disease in the world and often happen to teens. AID is cause by hiv and the full from hiv is human immunodeficiency virus.Hiv destory a type of defense cell in the body called a cd4 helper lymphocyte.

Source: Teen Health

Obesity Causes

'Weight gain occurs when you eat alot more calories than your body uses up.' When you eat alot of calories your fat cells increase in size aswell. If you lose weight the fat cells decrease in size but the number of cells does not.

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/

Yellow fever vaccine modified to fight Malaria

Malaria is one of the worst health crises in developing countries. It spread by mosquito bites and It’s been known since 1960s
There is no vaccine for malaria, millions of people died and kill a child every 30 seconds. But we can make a change in our life with a new discovered from The Rockefeller University; they have transformed the yellow fever vaccine to prime the immune system to fend off the mosquito borne parasites that cause the disease.
One form of the malaria parasite is called sporozoites, it can wake the immune system which can help to protect against further infection.


http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100611222839.htm

The sunday times article on women

Women,in general, could earn less than men for the next 150 years because of discrimination and ineffective government policies, according to leading economic analysts.

The salaries of today’s young women are still less than those of their male colleagues, and the inequality has changed little this decade.

In the report by the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), at the London School of Economics, the imbalance has been blamed on women who take maternity leave and work part-time after having children.

However, it also challenges the effectiveness of recommendations made earlier this year by the Women and Work Commission, which was set up by the Government in 2004 to tackle unequal pay.

The report on women’s salaries found that even those who worked full-time and did not take career breaks would earn 12 per cent less than their male counterparts after ten years.

It said:

“We are used to each generation of women making progress relative to the one before. But this process has slowed with the current generation doing only slightly better than the previous one."

Similar numbers of women and men were in work aged 20. But by the age of 30, there was a 20 per cent gap between the numbers of male and female workers, indicating that most women still take time off when they have children.

Alan Manning, the author of the report, said: “The problem is not that women are choosing one career, such as hairdressing, rather than another, such as plumbing. It is that they are continuing to choose family over career at some point in their life.

When Women they return to the labour market they often work part-time. This reduces job security, and inevitably the women earn less.

Economic role of women in islam

Women in Islam

Summary:
●Equality between men and women is possible because they are both human;
●They have similar brains, hearts, lungs, limbs, etc.;
●But they have natural differences→ physicaly, mentaly, emotionaly and psychological qualities, inclinations and abilites;
●Women in islam countries have the same rights and priviliges as the men
●Equal religious duties and rituals are required from both women and men
●Men and women have similar obligations and responsibilities to reform and correct the society to the best of their capability
●Islam entitles women to the same rights as men in terms of education and cultivation
●Women are equally qualified and allowed to engage in financial dealings and property ownership

Quotes:
"It is natural for a man to need and find fulfillment with a woman and for a woman with a man, since they are created one from the other and for one another. They both are inseparably bound to each other. Neither can they find fulfillment except when in the company of the other as legal and honorable mate and spouse, as Allah (The Almighty) says in His Majestic Book, the Qur'an, mentioned in the two verses cited in the preface:

(O Mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is the believer who has Taqwa (piety and righteousness). Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.)"

Key points: convincing people the islam is treating women equally

Source: http://www.womeninislam.ws/en/women-right-islam_equality-men-women.aspx

economic role of women

Key Points :
Women were always seen as the ''weaker'' gender because people believed they were physically not as strong as men.
Nowadays, women still face discrimination at work because of their gender. In addition, they could face the possibilty of sexual harasement at work.
It has also been proven that women work longer hours than men due to their ''double shift''. Women with both a family and who are employed are known to work day and night continuously.
Women with families tend to have much lower job security in relation to men as they tend to be employed only half-time. This decreases their job security to a great extend.
Decades ago, women who wanted to receive education where ignored. However, in today's society both women and men receive an education in developing countries and are less discriminated because of their gender.

Equality of women in the church

"The Bible teaches that both men and women are created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27), that is, both men and women are equal bearers of the divine image. This means that both men and women are equally human beings. Consequently, women are not inferior members of the human race and are not to be counted as second-class citizens". But women are not allowed to become priests?

Men and Women are not economically equal.

Men are still seen to be - in genral - the more economically active sex. In the economic role women are still not being treated equal to men. Women still get paid less for doing the same job that a man would do or does. This is unfair, and shows the economic inequality. It is presumed that in the future men and women will be equal economically, but only in the far future.

Econoic Role of Women

The economic role of women has increased tremendously throughout the years. Before men used to be the dominant ones when it came to professions but now women have started stepping up and taking the lead.

http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/56/38172505.pdf

The suffragettes movement, or how women were trying to achieve the priveledge of the right to vote:

Summary:

● Aim of the movement -to achieve the right of vote for women;

● When did the movement begin? - in the 1897, when Millicent Fawcett founded the National Union of Women's Suffrage;

● They wanted a peaceful process, since if they stirred violence, they feared that they aren't going to be trusted by men;

● Their progress was very slow, since men believed that women would never fully comprehend the way the parliament was run;

● Women's Social and Political Union - established in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters. They were prepared to use violence to achieve their political standing;

● In 1905 the organisation interrupted a political meeting and asked Winston Churchill and Sir Edward Grey if they believed women should have the right to vote; neither polititian replied, so the women got out the banner which said "votes for women" and started protesting, they got

arrested as a result;

● They burnt down churches, since the Church was agaist what they wanted; they refused to pay tax; vandalised the shops on the Oxford Street, etc;

● Cat and mouse act - let women get weaker and weaker in prison, didn't force feed them. Women were released from prison when they in a very weak state, and could not participate in campaigns anymore;

● Other acts of protest: Emily Davison threw herself under the king's horse; they burnt down part of David Lloyd Georges' house;

Quotes:

"Fawcett argued that women could hold responsible posts in society, such as sitting on school boards - but could not be trusted to vote; she argued that if parliament made laws and women had to obey them, then women should be part of the progress of making those laws; she

argued that as women had to pay taxes as men, they should have the same rights as men, and one of the most powerful arguments was that wealthy mistresses of large manors and estates employed gardeners, workmen and labourers who could vote......but the women could not regardless of their wealth";

"This was the beginning of a campaign the like of which was never known in England, or for that matter in any other country, we interrupted a great many meetings, and we were violently thrown out and insulted. Often we were painfully bruised and hurt";

Key points: an outline of the struggle of women for political rights throughout the 1900s;

Date: 15 september 2011
The Siffragettes;
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/suffragettes.htm

An Apple a Day Keeps Strokes at Bay

Summary:

This article from the BBC states that having a high intake of fruits and vegetables with white flesh can decrease your chances of having a stroke by up to 52%.

More research needs to be done into why it is white fruits in particular that are of benefit.

Researchers recommend eating all colours of fruit.

Quotes:

"Eating one apple a day is an easy way to increase white fruits and vegetable intake."

Dr Sharlin Ahmed from The Stroke Association said the findings should not deter people from eating other colours of fruit and vegetables.

"All fruit and vegetables have health benefits and remain an important part of a stable diet. A lot more research is needed before the colour of our groceries alone is used to determine what health benefits they may have. Everyone can reduce their risk of stroke by eating a healthy balanced diet that is low in saturated fat and salt, exercising regularly and ensuring that your blood pressure is checked and kept under control."

Key points/analysis:

An interesting article. However as the scientists themselves are unsure about why this is actually the case it is probably a little over sensationalised. As the doctor from The Stroke Association said, a balanced diet and low fat and salt intake is probably a better way of avoiding a stroke.

Once the science is verified and explained we may hear more....

Disease and Health

What does it mean to be healthy? How does the level of health care impact things like infant mortality and life expectance? What are the most significant threats to global health?

In this topic we will be asking questions like this, examining the difference between health in different countries and looking at how different countries deal with health issues.

Learn more by looking at the WHO site.
See a different side of the issue by watching SICKO and/or SUPERSIZE ME
Listen to Jamie Oliver talk about the importance of healthy eating in schools
Read as much as you can...

You can add to this site any time you like... just make sure you use the labels IGCSE and Disease and Health. 

The wage gap between males and females:

Key issues: The articles above compare the wages earned by males and females, and give an overview on how women contribute economically in these days;

economic role of women

An article about the role of women in economic development:

http://www.saching.com/Article/Role-of-Women-in-Economic-Development/4415