Wednesday, 30 May 2012

should non-muslims be subjected to the sharia law?

I don't think non-muslims should be subjected to the sharia law, this is because i believe that muslims shouldn't try to force non-muslims to become a muslims and believe and do what the muslims do. Muslims shouldn't tell or force people to follow their religion because its not the right thing to do as they can do what they want and follow or believe what they want to. The people around the world have their own rights to believe in what they want, and shouldn't be told to do what they don't want to do. It's a choice if someone wants to become muslim and follow the Sharia law, but forcing someone is wrong and it can cause a lot of problem such as conflict, because there are a lot of people around the world that believes in different things and they may disagree with the muslims for their religious belief and this could cause a lot of problems. So i think non-muslims or people from around the world should make a choice on what they want to believe and do and not get forced from someone or a group of people to tell them what they should do and that they should be kept alone. And there are people that don't like the law that the muslims do so that they wouldn't become a muslim and thats understandable.
Should non-Muslims be subject to Sharia law...??? No. I do not think non-Muslims should be subject to Sharia law. This is because we all have the right to select which law and rules we want to obey. The sharia law cannot be imposed on anyone without the person him/herself committing to the laws and obeying them. Everyone is born free and we therefore have the right to select what religion or set of rules we want to follow. Some of the people might have not even heard of this law and would disagree with its rules. Therefore, non-Muslims should not be subject to the Sharia law.

Beliefs Systems

Should non-Muslims be subject to the sharia law?
For me it’s not about being a Muslim, a Christian, a Jain or a Hindu but when another religion force people to oblige and obey their law than it becomes   ridiculous and improper because people believe or follow different rules and relegations so why force your rules on someone. Something you can’t obey don’t try to make people obey, why? Because you than are a hypocrite and is two faced.

should non-muslims be the subject of the sharia law?

i think that non-muslims shouldnt be the subject of sharia law because the non-muslims have nothing to do with the sharia law... they have their own right to choose what they want to do, they dont follow this idea of having this law soo they dont have to follow the sharia law. The sharia law people cant force anyone to follow the law. so i think that non-muslims shouldnt be the subject of the sharia law.
Should Non-Muslims be subjucated to Sharia-Law?

What I know, Islam says that the we have no right to force Non- Muslims to become a Muslims.Otherwise if we do a big war will be created.On the other ahnd if a Non-Muslim would like to "become" a Muslim which is called a (Tableeq) then the Muslims will guide them, Imams and the Muslims would be more than happy to help help.

Now Back to the Question, should they be subjugated to "Sharia-Law" well I would disagree, Non-Muslims should not be forced to become a muslims, Sharia-Law does not have the righ to do that.First the the group ( Sharia-Law) have to have all the right with them, then correct the others.


Responsibility for policy and administration of such a state "should rest primarily with those who believe in the Islamic ideology." Non-Muslims, therefore, cannot be asked to undertake or be entrusted with the responsibility of policymaking.


If Non-Muslims become a Muslims we will not trust them to be a part of a certain group.As they might take over it and change it.




Monday, 5 March 2012

Deforestation intensified the impact of Hurricaine Mitch

- Hurricaine Milch has occured on November 1998, having tremendous devastating effects on two countries of Central America - Nicaragua and Honduras;
- It has destoryed both the infrastructure and vital argricultural regions; the deaths were estimated at over 10,000 people, and the spread of diseases as well as landlides and floods was quite wide;
- While the damages following a hurricaine on the Reichter scale are predictable, the consequences of it were still intensified by deforestation. Research has shown that the landslides have mainly occured on hills which were bare of vegetation, since the roots of trees bind the soil and keep it together, acting as an anchor. So in the abscence of trees, the heavy rainfall just washed away the soil, which resulted in mudslides and overflooding of the rivers, for there were no roots to effectively absorb the water;
- In addition trees can be beneficial for farming, since the leaves dropped by the trees can provide nutrients for the soil;
- Despite the outcome of the hurricaine, it is predicted that the forest areas of Central America will be further cleared off, in order to compensate for the agricultural areas lost during the natural disaster of 1998;


Rhett A. Butler; Impact of Deforestation - 1998: Hurricane Mitch; (online article; last viewed on 5th March 2012, at http://rainforests.mongabay.com);

Wednesday, 29 February 2012

Abortion

According to The Center of Bio-ethical Reform, 4,000 abortions take place everyday, and many of these abortions end with complications which are damaging to the female body. It also gives a shocking figure stating that 50% of those abortions are for women under the age of 25 and 20% are teenagers. However, it does not state where these statistics were retrieved from which means that the statistics given can not be 100% reliable. In the article, it is also said that the US government help fund 15% of abortions. This was the case until a bill was passed by the Florida Legislature stating that abortions were not to be funded by the government anymore. The only time it would be allowed is if the mother's life was to be in risk. It is said that abortion levels will probably rise in other areas of the country due to this.

Source
Name: Abortion: Who pays for it?
Author: Domanique Culpepper
Website: http://www.viewonhospitals.com/blogs/drugs-laws-health-behavior/Abortion-Who-Pays-for-It.html
Date Last Updated: November 29 2011
Date Last Checked: 28 February 2012

Tuesday, 28 February 2012

Clean, safe water remains a pipe dream for the poor

clean, safe and availability of water still remains a huge problem in poor parts of asia,and africa.In places such as daar es laaam where drought is very prominent the women are not even hopeful for clean water in the rainy season as they don’t even have the modern well but have to depend on the old traditional wells which are not clean.
Ms Asha Zugile, a resident of Kola village in Coast Region’s Kisarawe says we neither have tap water nor modern water wells in this village. During the season, we spend a lot of time to look for water in the streams and a few wells,” the village primary school also does not have a wash facility, compelling the pupils to wear dirty uniforms, but they aren’t punished because the teachers acknowledge the problem.
Reports suggest that the governments does not spend enough money in tackling this problem, it also says that the year 2011 has been a real struggle for the government of Tanzania as the government was two thirds short of its original commitment for financial years 2007-08 through to 2009-10, according to the report.
WaterAid, an international Non Governmental Organisation, recently launched a project worth of £17 million (Sh37.4 billion) to support five million Tanzanians for the next five years.
The deputy minister for Education and Vocational Training, Mr Philipo Mulugo, said that the project was very significant to the government and Tanzanians, because it fits very well in its target of attaining MDGs by halving the number of citizens not accessing water services.
“This project is also important for fighting waterborne diseases, especially diarrhoea which is the second biggest killer of under- five children,” Mr Mulugo said.
Water aid and other water projects are working hard with governments and local agencies in the communities to be able to provide clean, safe drinking water.

http://thecitizen.co.tz/sunday-citizen/-/19513-clean-safe-water-remains-a-pipe-dream-for-the-poor

Monday, 27 February 2012

North Korea violates International Law

- Once again North-Korea violates the international law by having a nuclear test and firing of three short-range missiles.
- President Barack Obama said North Korea's actions were violations of international law and that it is a threat to international peace and security throughout the whole world
- Chairman of the Joint of Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen stated that the North-Korean tests were not unexpected and were a part of a growing belligerence in Pyeongyang. Which means North Korea is maybe planning a war against the rest of the world.
- North Korea says it had successfully undergone an underground nuclear test that was more powerful than the country’s first test two-and-a-half years ago. The question is, why would they need to have more powerful nuclear tests?
- Russia’s Defense Ministry said the nuclear explosion had a force of up to 20 kilotons, the same size as the bomb the U.S. dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945, which shows the power of North Korea.
- Not only did President Obama say this act was a threat to peace and security, also the South Korean officials called Pyongyang’s actions a “serious threat to peace and stability”. - After the news broke out of the nuclear test, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak convened an emergency security session.
- The Chinese government is trying to stay out of this as it doesn't want to intervene with actions of its communist neighbour.
- The Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement that six-party talks on North Korea are the only solution to the crisis. However, North Korea has no intentions to negotiate with any country.
- Last month, North Korea threatened to restart reprocessing work at its once closed Yongbyon nuclear complex. The move was a response to international criticism of its April launch of a rocket it says was fired to put a satellite into space. This again shows that North Korea is against any communication with the outside world.
Source: VOA News

The science and the fiction of "The day after tomorrow"

2004's "The day after tomorrow" is one of the most popular movies of the decade that is based on a true theory of globl warming. The movie shows a dramatic picture of the result of global warming.

The National Center for Atmospheric Research examined the truth behind the movie by looking at three scenes. One of them includes a massive snowstorm taking place in New Delhi resulting in an ice age.

In reality, an ice age cannot happen over night as the last ice age occured over 20,000 years ago. But some parts of the world might cool down affecting ocean currents.This can happen as a result of greenhouse gases. So, there is a degree of truth in the movie.

"The day after tomorrow" also raises questions about global warming. According to scientists, the earth's temperture increased by only 1 degee fahrenheit (-17.2 degrees) over the past 100 years.Although this seems like a small change, research has proven that it is enough to harm crucial ecosystems, change rainfall patterns and raise the sea level.

Even if the movie exaggerated the result of global warming, it does raise questions about what it possibly can do. The move won 5 awards and received 7 nominations in total.

Even though the scenes in the movie were made more dramatic, it became one of the most popular movie raising both awareness of global warming and providing entertainment.

Reference :
NCAR, 2004, The science and fiction of 'The day after tomorrow', Environment Msnbc www.msnbc.msn.com/science-fiction-day-after-tomorrow


Saturday, 25 February 2012

Red cross rescues people in Homs where bombarding is occurring


  
The Red Cross says they are  resuming their attempts to rescue more Syrians trapped by shelling in the city of Homs.

On Friday they evacuated several people for the first time since the army began bombarding areas of the city Homs. On the same day three Syrian Arab Red Crescent ambulances drove into the suburb of Baba Amr which has carried the worst part of the government attack.They brought out 20 women and children as well as seven people who were sick or wounded.

The people who were wounded were transferred to a hospital in Homs, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).The injured and dying are treated in temporary clinics with limited supplies.

Thousands of people are trapped in residential areas which government forces have subjected to days of heavy bombardment.

sources: 

Thursday, 23 February 2012

5 men killed by police

5 men killed by police:  The five men were killed in chennai(madras) on thursday by the police. Four of the men were from the state Bihar and one of the men was from Bengal The human right are questioning about this since it was a straight shoot-out. Police say the men had carried out two big and fearless bank robberies in the city. Rights activists declare that they were killed Without proof and killed In a gun-battle, commonly known as a "fake encounter". Reports say that about $66,000 (£42,000) was looted over the last month by armed men from the branches of the Bank of Baroda and the Indian Overseas Bank. About 40 special teams were formed to catch the criminals. Police circulated video images of a suspect allegedly surveying one of the banks robbed on Wednesday.They say these generated calls from the public, and allowed them to carry out an operation against the robbers. Police said that when they went to the area to check the background of the men, they were fired upon.But the the police version of events is being disagreed. Human rights advocates Sudha Ramalingam and Sankarasubbu are questioning the logic of going to a heavily populated area in large numbers when police were unsure of the men's identity. www.bbc.com www.cnn.com

Mount Etna eruption on 9th February.
Mount Etna, known as a stratovolcano, situated in Sicily, Italy, recently erupted on the 9th of this month. The lava shot up to about 3000 meters. The eruption is not the greatest thus it did not create air traffic. There were no injuries recorded. The eruption of the volcano affected farming and the Piano Provenza (A resort) had to be temporarily shut down for hazard managements.
Israel, Iran battle over who are behind the blasts
Israel and Iran fight over and accuse each other of bombings having collected proof against each other. The Prime Minister of Israel states “Iran is a threat to the stability of the world. They are targeting innocent diplomats”. Having said that, a cold war begins between the leaders also. A spokesman for the Iranian foreign ministry, Ramin Mehmanparast states “condemned the blasts and said that the Israeli agents are often the preparations of such a terrorist act” having said that, it clearly indicates that there is a battle between the two nations.  They have accused each other for all the other terrorist attacks in the world, because of this more bombs are dropped on each other’s territories

Monday, 20 February 2012

The Christchurch Earthquake

The February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a powerful natural event that severely damaged New Zealand's second-largest city, killing 185 people in what has been described as one of the nation's worst peacetime disasters. Christchurch was hit by a magnitude 6.3 earthquake on 22 February which caused widespread destruction and damaged life and property.

Around 100,000 buildings were destroyed or damaged leaving many homeless in New Zealand's worst natural disaster since 1931. The shattered cathedral of the country's second city, with its broken spire, became one of the most striking images of the disaster.

The first 5.8 magnitude quake struck at 1358 local time (0058 GMT), the US Geological Survey said. Another of similar magnitude hit 80 minutes later. Dozens of people suffered minor injuries but only 19 were admitted to hospital.
Friday's first earthquake struck 26km (16 miles) north-east of the city at a depth of 4.7km. The second large event, with a magnitude estimated at 5.9, was in almost exactly the same place, the USGS said. Aftershocks rolled on throughout the afternoon, several of them with a magnitude greater than 5, according to New Zealand's GeoNet.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16312041
http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/recent_quakes.html

Sunday, 19 February 2012

Man digs through snow to find house in Romania

Romanian rescue teams have been struggling to evacuate people whose homes have been smothered by heavy snow.
A big freeze continues to grip eastern and central Europe. Seventy-four people have died in Romania since the start of the cold snap. Samreen Naz reports.

Source= 




Whitney Houston To Be Buried In New Jersey Ceremony

Whitney Elizabeth Houston was born August 9 1963 and died February 12, 2012 was an American pop and R&B singer. She was known for her beautiful and powerful voice. She was known for songs such as 'I Will Always Love You' and 'I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)'. This made her the only artist in history to turn the American national anthem into a successful single. She was one of the most successful female artists of all time. Her most famous albums were 'The Bodyguard' (The best selling soundtrack album of all time), her debut album 'Whitney Houston' (The best selling debut album of all time) and the album 'Whitney'. She was dubbed as "The Voice". Whitney Houston also starred in the Preacher's Wife. Over the past few years before her death, Houston had problems with drugs.
NEWARK, N.J. (AP) – After all the testimonials from relatives and friends, the songs from legends and pop stars, the preaching and even laughter, the raw emotion of Whitney Houston’s funeral came down to just one moment: The sound of her own voice.
As the strains of her biggest record, “I Will Always Love You,” filled the New Hope Baptist Church at the end of the nearly four-hour service Saturday and her silver-and-gold casket was lifted in the air, the weight of the moment was too much for mother, gospel singer Cissy Houston, to bear.

Youtube video =
Sources =


Wednesday, 15 February 2012

U.K economy on slow path to recovery

U.K. Economy on Slow Path to Recovery

LONDON—The U.K. economy is on a slow and gradual path to recovery, guided by the right mix of budget and monetary policies, the Bank of England said Wednesday in its latest assessment of the U.K.'s prospects.

By Jason Douglas.

My Explanation:
The Government of England, Mervyn King, thinks that the process of England carrying on is getting slower and slower. By this he means that the industiralisation is slow and the modern facilities are slow. So basically he mean that what ever is happening in THE United Kingdom it's all going how it not supposed to be.Mervyn King exclaimed that "We are steering a course through choppy waters and many people are experiencing difficult times," Mr. King said. "Moving to a world of steady growth, inflation close to our 2% target and a more normal level of interest rates will take time."

All the process which normally goes in the country has basicaly slowed its speed! and Mervyn King wants to stop and carry on the the pace which was before.

Questions:
  1. Why do you think that the process of the managemant or the work in Britain has stopped?
  2. Do you think its environmently?
  3. Do you think there are alot of unemployed people and there is no one who could work (properly)?

Iran's Oil Ministry denied.

Iran's Oil Ministry denied state media reports on the Islamic state stopping its crude exports to six European countries on Wednesday.

NEW YORK—Oil futures held onto early gains after a government report showed a small decline in U.S. crude stockpiles.
Light, sweet crude for March delivery rose 64 cents, or 0.7%, to $101.38 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration said inventories of crude oil fell by 200,000 barrels in the week ended Feb. 10. Stockpiles were expected to rise by 1.3 million barrels, according to a survey of analysts by ...

By Jerry A.DICOLO

My Explanation:
This means that Iran stopped importing oil, because remember America gets Oil from Iran and mostly from Saudia Arabia, the country which is actually filled with oil.So Iran basically threatened the Americans that we wont give you oil. Even if Iran gave them oil it was only a short amount not enough for the country.

Questions:
  1. What do you think America will do about this?
  2. Do you think there will be a disagreement? 
  3. Do you htink America will let it go?  
Source:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204880404577224862561099888.html?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTTopStories#articleTabs%3Darticle

Honduras Prison Fire

Honduras Prison Fire kills 272........

There was a fire in the Honduras prison on facility in Comayagua, 90 kms north of Tegucigalpa, on February 15, 2012. The prison in Comayagua, some 100km (60 miles) north of the capital, Tegucigalpa, was holding more than 800 inmates and this prison has the world's highest murder rate, are often seriously overcrowded and hold many gang members. The fire broke out late on Tuesday night and took more than an hour to be brought under control. Many of the victims were burned or suffocated to death in their cells at the jail in Comayagua, in central Honduras.

Families flocked to the site, desperate for news. Dozens of prisoners died trapped in their cells and were burned beyond recognition. Some of them fled and escaped by breaking through the roof and leaping from the building.Comayagua fire-fighters spokesman Josue Garcia said that the sight was very bad."We couldn't get them out because we didn't have the keys and couldn't find the guards who had them," he said.

The cause of this fire is unknown whether it was a riot or a short circuit. Officials are investigating whether an electrical fault caused the blaze. Initial reports indicate the fire was caused by an electrical short-circuit, but Honduras media have also reported there was a riot in the prison just before the fire broke out. Prison service head Daniel Orellana denied this who says that either one of the prisoners set the mattress on fire or there was a short circuit.

Local hospitals are treating dozens of people for burns and other injuries. Some of the injured have been taken to Tegucigalpa for treatment, among them 30 people with severe burns.

Sources:
http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2106875,00.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-17038259
http://news.yahoo.com/dozens-killed-fire-prison-honduras-102836794.html

Tuesday, 17 January 2012

Seal Hunting

Seals are being killed daily in large numbers, and this is leading to them soon becoming extinct. Seal hunting is the most biggest form of mass slaughter of mammals worldwide. Canada have is the country in the world that does the most seal hunting worldwide, however it is legal for them to do so. They are allowed to hunt 280,000 seals a year but nothing more than this. This good because at least now the amount of seals being slaughtered is controlled, however it should be completely illegal because soon these creatures will not be around anymore.

Name: Sea Shepard
Date last updated:
Date I checked: 17th January 2012
Website: http://www.seashepherd.org/seals/seal-hunt-facts.html

Name:
Date last updated: Monday 27 July 2009
Date I checked: 17 January 2012
Website: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/05/05/f-seal-hunt.html

Land degradation

Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by one or more combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land.It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.Natural hazards are excluded as a cause, however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires.

Land degradation caused by agriculture takes many forms and has many causes. Some of the most important types of land degradation include

Degradation related to overgrazing by livestock

Degradation related to soil erosion , here related to inappropriate cultivation practices)

Degradation attributable to soil salinization (a build up of salts in soil that results from irrigation in certain situations)

Degradation attributable to waterlogging (another problem related to irrigation)

It is estimated that up to 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded and Around 33 percent of the land is going to be wasted at the end of this century

Soil erosion occurs everywhere in the world. It is more common in the Australia, India, Spain, U.S.A and Africa. The air and water erosion affects around 40 thousand hectares of land in a year

Ways of preventing land degradation

The erosion is prevented by the crop rotation, mulching which leads to decrease in the evaporation and increase in the absorption, presence of suitable outlet channels which can carry the water, sowing of certain crops which check the erosion and include the grasses, groundnut, pulses and berseem. The planting of tress also checks the erosion. The control on grazing and the terracing of lands which decrease the speed of water also keeps a check on the erosion. The contour bunding has an ability to hold the rain water and control erosion
The deserts in the world are made by man. The land is degraded by the development activities of humans which include the dams, canals, railways, buses and industries. The land degradation is prevented by the crop rotation, mulching which leads to decrease in the evaporation and increase in the absorption, presence of suitable outlet channels which can carry the water, sowing of certain crops which check the erosion and include the grasses, groundnut, pulses and berseem. The planting of tress also checks the land degradation. The control on grazing and the terracing of lands which decrease the speed of water also keeps a check on the land degradation


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation
http://www.thebigger.com/biology/pollution/what-is-land-degradation/
http://people.oregonstate.edu/~muirp/whatdegr.htm

Monday, 16 January 2012

Shark finning~

Shark finning~

Shark finning is removing and keeping shark fins and then throwing away the rest of the fish. Shark finning takes place at sea so the fishers only have to transport the more profitable fins. The shark is most often still alive when it is tossed back into the water. Unable to swim, the shark slowly sinks toward the bottom where it is eaten alive by other fish.

These fins are used for shark fin soup which is a popular Chinese soup usually served at special occasions such as weddings and banquets. It is a luxury item in Chinese culture.The shark fins provide texture while the taste comes from the other soup ingredients.
Not only are fins used for dishes, but they contain cartilage which is thought to be a preventive medicine and treatment for cancer. In Mexico, the use of shark fin is widely accepted as an alternative medicine for prostate cancer, with some people theorizing that by eating shark fins, they can cure their cancer because sharks do not have cancer. The idea is that by taking medicines made of shark fins, the person will stop the growth of cancerous tumors, according to the London Prostate Cancer Centre. However, the London Prostate Cancer Centre reports there is no scientific evidence in which to base the health benefits purported for the consumption of shark fins.

Third thing it is used for is improving someone's sexual functioning.
Asian markets are finding an uprising in people who are seeking the powdered shark fin as an aphrodisiac to improve their sexual functioning. However, there is no scientific proof that there is any benefit to sexual functioning.

There is controversy over the practice of shark finning. Consumption of shark fin soup has risen dramatically with the middle class becoming more affluent, as Chinese communities around the world enjoy increasing income levels. Environmental groups claim that finning has caused decline of shark species, which are essential to the stability of oceanic ecosystems. Annually, millions of sharks are being tortured like this.
Shark meat is considered low value and therefore not worth the cost of transporting the shark bodies to the market.


Source:
http://www.stopsharkfinning.net/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_finning
http://www.sharkwater.com/education.htm

Deforestation:

- The statistics from the World Resources Internet show that 80 percent of the Earth's forests have been cut down;
- Approximately 90 percent of West Africa's coastal rain forests have been destroyed since 1900;
- The rich forests of Brazil and Indonesia are being cut down for the purposes of agriculture and animal grazing, and heating;
- Deforestation causes destruction of the natural habitat of the animals living in the forest, which is 70 percent of the animals worldwide;
- It is also said that cutting down the rain forests has resulted in droughts in the countries of West Africa such as Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, since the rain forests help generate rainfall;
- Trees are also natural absorbers of the greenhouse gases which cause global warming. As well as burning the trees causes a release of more carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, increasing the effect of the global warming;

National Geographic; Forest Holocaust; (online article, last viewed on 16th January 2012 at www.nationalgeographic.com);

Environmental issue : Deforistation

Deforistation Affects the ecosystem in sever ways:

*Destroys animal's homes, and could kill the animal itself, thus affecting the food chain*

*Destroys plant-life hence less food for herbivores *

-Less oxygen being made, no trees to absorb all of the CO2

-Less vegetation in that area, could use the botany for harvesting

-leads to soil erosion

-destroys natural habitants

-leads to global warming

However, Deforistation is known to harm the environment- but can in some ways benefit people.


-Production of more land for farming purposes increasing the livelihood of the areas occupants.
--- which will result in production of jobs and income for loggers
Hence, = production of wood for various industries and housing
And = production of land for industrial and residential purposes.

It is no secret no deforistation affects the environment.However, it can benefit the environment in two ways:
1) opening up the canopy to promote growth of smaller, healthier trees and burrowing mammals
2) removing damaged or diseased trees